Method of winding and the product thereof.



A. D. SCOTT.

I 1,167,722. Ptented Jan. 11, 1916.

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A.,D. Ascun. vMETHOD oF wINDING AND THE PIIonucT THER'EoF. I i APPLICATION FILED AUG. I3. 1912.. 1,167,722, Patented Jan. 11, 1916.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

A. D. SCOT-T. l METHOD 0F WINDINYG AND THE PRODUCT THEREOF.

APPLICTION FILED AUG. 13. T912.

Patentd Jun. 11, 1916.

5 SHEETSOSHEET 3 @wi/Immo@ A. n. SCOTT. METHOD 0F WINDING `AND THE PRODUCT THEREOF. I APPLICATION FILED AU'GT 13, I9I2.

1,167,722. l Patented Jan.11,1916.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

www0/osea: v J1 nvewlo A. D. SCOTT.

M-ETHOD QF WINDING AND THE PRODUCT THEREOF.

APPLCATIUH FILED AUG. I3, |912.

`Patnd Jan. 11, 1916,

UNITE srATEs PATENT OFFICE.

ARCHII'BALD SCOTT, 0F JERSEY CITY, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR T0 VARLEY DUPLEXY `MAGNET COMPANY, OF JERSEY CITY, NEW

JERSEY.

Specification 01j Letters Patent.

JERSEY, A CORPORATION OF NEW lMETHOD OF WINDING AND THE PRODUCT THER-EOF.

To dll whom it may concern y Be it known that I, ARCHIBALD D. Sco'i'r, a citizen of the United States, residing in Jersey City, in the county of Hudson and 5 State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Methods of Winding and the Product Thereof, of which the following is a-specification.

My invention broadlyl and generally rellates to new and useful improvements in methods of winding and the winding produced thereby, and more particularly relates to the production of windings substantially in coil form adapted for use in the.

electrical arts, such for instance as the windings for the field magnets of dynamos.

lThis application Iis a division of my pending application Serial Number 584,040, filed in the United States Patent Ollice September 27, 1910.

The invention consists in the method of procedure and the product thereof to be fully described hereinafter, and the novelty of which will be particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed.

I have fully and clearly illustrated my invention in the accompanying drawings to be taken as a part of this specification and wherein: v Figure 1 is 'a view in perspective of a substantially round winding produced in accordance with my invention. Fi'g. 2 is a view in perspective of a polysided winding also produced in accordance with my invention: Fig. 3 is a section onthe line 3 3 of Fig. 2: Fig. 4 is a section on the line 4--4 of Fig. 2: Fig. 5 is a `vertical 'longitudinal section through a mandrel for -holding .and forminga round winding: Fig. 6 is a verti- 40 cal longitudinal section through the mandrel shown in Fig. 5, showing the same in condition to'permit detachment of the coil therefrom','.Fig. 7 isa section on the line lO-IO of Fig. 5: Fig. 8 is a detail view of one of the filler blocks with a foundation guide section thereon: Fig. 9 is a'longitudi. nal vertical section through a form of manvdrel for producing polysided windings Fig. 10 is a section on the line 1.4-14 of Fig. 9: Fig. 11 is an enlarged detailed view of a portion of the mandrel shown in Figs. 9 and i '10, showing the strand guiding means em- Patented Jan. 11, 191 6. j Uriginal application led September 27, 1910, Serial No. 584,040. Divided and this application filed August ployed in this form of mandrel: Fig.v 12 is a View in end elevation of one of the end plates for the mandrel: Fig. 13 is a view in end elevation of another form of mandrel: Fig. 14 is a vertical central section through the mandrel shown in Fig. 13: Fig. 15 is a view in end elevation of the iller blocks used in connection with the mandrel shown in' Fig. 14: Fig. 16 is a detail view in section of a portion of the mandrel shown in Figs. 14 and 15, showing a form of strand guide employed in connection therewith: Fig. 17 is a development of a foundation guide for receiving and guiding the windings on the mandrel: Fig. 18 is a development of another form of the foundation guide.

In order that my method will be the more fully understood, I will first proceed to describe the mechanical means or mechanism by which it is practised.

1 designates a spindle or center-piece upon which the parts of the mandrel are assembled and held during the winding operation.

' This spindle may form part of a machine such as described in my said pending application, or it may be driven by any suitable means, not shown.

Threaded onto the end of the driving spindle 1 is a hub member 2 supporting a flange plate 3, the same having a smooth inner plane face as at 4 except at its central portion where it is formed with an annular recess or pocket 5.

6 designates a cylindrical core-piece which is threaded into the hub 2 in longitudinal alinement with the shaft 1, said core-piece having a longitudinal bore 7 intersected by a transverse slot 8 extending entirely across and through the core-piece. Projecting through this core-pieceG is a cross key' 9,v adapted to be moved back and forth in the slot 8 lengthwise of the core-piece. said key being operable by a plunger 10, slidably disposed within the bore of the/ core-piece. Mounted on the core-piece is a second flange plate 11 spaced from theplate 3 by a shoulder 12 on the core-piece against which it abuts, said second plate having a smooth inner plane face 13, said flange plates defining a space about the core-piece within which the winding is to be formed. The plate 11 is iiiypla-:e in engagement with the shoulder-12 by a clamping nut 14 threaded onto the end of the core-piece. Slidable on thei'eo're-piece between the plates 3 and 11 is a' collar 15 frusto conical in form and having its larger end toward the plate 3, and its smaller end toward the plate 11. The diameter of the larger end of the collar is such that it may be received by the recess 5 in the plate 3. f

Mounted on and supported by the collar is a plurality of filler blocks 16 having their outer faces parallel with the axis of rotation of the spindle 1 and each has an inner inclined face 17, curved to rest on the surface of the collar and said filler blocks being each -slidably connected to said collar by a key 1S seated in alining grooves 19 and Q0, formed respectively in the collar and filler block. The keys may be formed to connect the collar and filler pieces to prevent lateral or radial separation thereof when winding is removed. For this purpose the grooves in the collar may be undercut at 21 to receive lateral projections 22 on the keys, the keys being secured in thegrooves of the blocks by locking pins 23 set in alining recesses 21 in the sides of the keys and the side walls of the block grooves.

The *cross-key 9, heretofore described, projects at its ends beyond the core-piece into recesses 25 in the collar 15, and it will be seen that when the said key is moved lengthwise of the slot 3 the collar will cause the filler blocks to move radially toward or away from the core-piece accordingly as the collar is moved toward the end plate 3, or the end plate 11. The filler blocks are held against movement lengthwise of the shaft by the end plates. Vhen the Winding is being lformed the parts are in the position shown in Fig. 5, the collar 15 being moved against the end plate 11, any means being provided for this as the nut 26 threaded onto the end of the plunger and abutting the end of the corepiece G. After the Winding is formed, the nut 26 is turned to release the plunger and the latter is moved in to slide the collar 15 lengthwise of-the shaft to permit the filler blocks to collapse, the rear end of the collar moving into the recess in the plate 3, and

the nut 11 is then removed to permit the.

flange plate 11 to be detached, so that the Winding may be drawn from the mandrel.

In Figs. 9 to 12 I have shown a mandrel for use in forming a polysided winding. in the present instance a Winding having four sides. 'In this form of the mandrel I employ a number of features which are in common with those described in the form shown in Figs. 5 to 8. In this form of the mandrel, the main portions of the mandrel may be constructed in substantially the same purpose such, for instance,

form and arrangement as in the form shown in Figs. '5 to 8,l the end plates, the core-piece and the sliding collar, together with a plunfor operating the latter', being all the same, as shown insaid figures. The difference between these two forms resides in the construction of the filler blocks; in the present` instance, four blocks being employed, each having' an inner curved inclined surface 27 to rest on. and conform with the outer surface of the sliding collar, the fillerblocks being secured in position by keys in the same manner as in the form first described. These filler blocks are each provided with outer straight faces 28,which are substantially at right angles to each other, so that when the filler blocks are ascollar being shifted toward the recessedf plate to withdraw the filler blocks and pulled toward the `end of the core-piece 'to expand the blocks.

In Figs. 13, 14, l and 1G I have shown another form of the mandrel for winding polysided coils. In this construction7 the hub 29 of a flange plate 30 is threaded onto the spindle 1, said end plate having a recess 31, at its central portion, and threaded into the hub 32, in-alinement with the spindle 1 is a core-piece 33, which is conical in shape, the base of the cone being located within the recess in the end plate, and the opposite end of said core-piece having a threaded shank 31 to lreceive an outer end plate 34a, which is held in place on the core-piece by a nut 35. Arranged on the conical portion of the core-piece between the end plates, is a plurality of fille] blocks 36, shown as being four iny number and each provided With an inclined inner curved surface 37 to rest on the curved surface of the cone. The corepieces are formed with outer surfaces 33 at right angles to each other, and the arrangen ment is such that when the mandrel is assembled, the faces 38 of the core-pieces aline to provide a substantially rectangular body to receive the turns of the magnet winding. In all of the forms'lof the mandrel described, the flange plates are provided with a plurality of slots 39, through which tying bands may be passed in order to tie the layers of the` winding together to prevent separation thereof when the winding is removed from the mandrel.

In Fig. 141 one of the filler blocks is shown detachably secured to the end plate 30 by a bolt 40 so that said bolt constitutes a bracket for the support of the Winding when the end plate 31 is removed.

In practicing my method, I provide the mandrel, Whether it is designed to make round windings or polysided windings, with means whereby thev turns of the layers constituting a winding, will be arranged in regular form so that alternate layers are counterparts of each other throughout the entire winding, the result being that I pro.

' vide a completed article which is much more compact for a given weight of wire than any winding which has been produced heretofore, as far as I am aware, and which not only makes a winding which is much more compact, but results in a greatsaving of wire, which, of course, in copper windings is important. In order to arrive at this result, I provide' the mandrel with means wherebyv the first layer of the winding is laid between the flanges of the mandrel with great precision,preferably so that the axes of the turns are equidistant from each other,

produced.

adjacent the starting flange.

In Fig. 17, I have shown one form ofv guide which consists of a plurality of curved plates 58 adapted to be laid on the outer surface of the mandrel, of the form shown in Figs. 5 to 8, for making a round winding, these plates being formed with a plurality of grooves 59v and intervening ridges 60, which grooves are to receive the strands of the initial winding, which strands are separated by theridges. Of course, in making a winding of this character, the strand is -laid on the mandrel in the form of a coil,

and in order that tle strand be guided laterally so as to take substantiallythe direction of a coil, two ofthe plates, as for instance the two middle ones as shown in the diagram, are formed lwith a half groove adjacent the starting flange, while the two outer plates are formed with a whole groove If now, for instance, the startof the winding is against the end plate inl-one of the whole grooves of the plate a, it will follow the same as ,themandrel revolves, until-it reaches the alining whole groove in the plate b, which it follows until it reaches the first Whole groove in the plate c when it will be forced laterally into said whole groove and follow the same. The strand fbllows this -whole groove in the yplate c until it reaches -the plate 'cl when it likewise follows the whole alining groove therein. The kwinding then continues until the second whole groove in the plate a reaches the strand when the strand will drop into the llatter and follow this whole groove and the corresponding alining groove in the plate b, which it follows until it reaches the second whole roove in the plate o, which, as shown in F1g.'17, isA offset laterally the distance of a half a groove from the second whole' groove in the plate Z), which continues throughout the entire winding, the strand being successively offset from the plate d onto the plates a and b and then offset from the latter onto the plate c. The points of offset, that is, between the plates d and a, and between b and c, are preferably arranged at diametrically opposite points on the mandrel so that each half turn of a layer of the winding is offset a distance equal to one-half the diameter of the strand being wound. By this operation, under the infiuence of the guide laid in exactly the same direction and form as any other turn, and the turns of the layer first formed, form a rigid guide in which the t'urns of the next layer* are laid withthe same accuracy as\ the first layer was forced to take .by the foundation guide, and this continues throughout the winding. I prefer to form these plates separately instead of in a continuous piece for the reason that in making a round winding it is desirable to get as much of the Winding as possible parallel with the flanges, and therefore, the offsetmust be as short as practicable. It will be seen that whileeach turn is odset twice in going around the mandrel, the portions between the offsets lie parallel to the end plate.

In Fig. 18, I have shown the foundation guide as being made in a continuous piece in substantially the same arrangement as shown in Fig. 17, except that I am unable to obtain theshort offsets accomplished by the arrangement shown in Fig. 17. In Fig. 18, the foundation guide is shown developed in plan` and embodies 4 Zones, the cut belng made through one of the zones so that in the figure shown, a portion of a zone appears at each end of thefigure. In this embodiment two Zones61 are provided, each formed with a plurality of parallel grooves which run at right angles to the axis of 'rotation of the mandrel or parallel to the flat faces of thev mandrel and flanges. the grooves of one of said zones being offset laterally from those ofthe other. the distance ofone half a groove, and said zones being )omed at each groove .of which joins one of the straight grooves of one of the zones 61 with described, every turn in the first layer is their ends by zones 62 of inclined grooves,

groove at the starting end.

of beingl separated from each other. The result produced in the-winding is substantiallv the same.

IVhen the form of winding to be'made is polysided, I preferably do not employ the guide plates shown in Fig. 17, or the Continuous plate of' Fig. 18, but may provide each of the outer angles which join the re ceiving faces of the filler blocks with a plurality of grooves or corrugations so that the wire or strand in passing from one face of a polysided mandrel to the other, will be guided by these corrugations. I prefer to form the filler blocks with a. longitudinal groove (53 within which is placed a pin 64, which is of' a length selected according to the length of the coil to be formed, said pin being provided with grooves 65, which are formed to correspond to the diameter of the wire to be wound. It will be understood that preferably there is a pin arranged at the outer angle of' each filler piece, in the embodiment shown in the drawings said pin being of a length equal to that of the filler block and abutting the endv plates of the mandrel at their outer ends. Each of these pins is provided with a plurality of annular grooves and intervening ridges, the grooves being intended to receive and guide the strand as it turns the angle'of the filler piece. It will be understood that there is a separate set of pins to be used for each winding, the same being selected according to the length of the coil and diameter of the wire. All four of the pins are not the same in the arrangement of the grooves therein in the embodiment heretofore described. For instance, the first two are arranged with a whole groove at the starting point of the winding against the end plate, while the second two would be provided with a half For instance, suppose the first two pins were to start adjacent the flange with a full groove and to end with a full groove, then the second two pins would start and finish with half grooves at their ends. If the starter pins should commence with a full grooveiand end with a half groove, then the finishing pins would start with a half' groove at one end and end with a full groove at the opposite end. The arrangement above described is for producing a winding having two sets of Crossovers, but should it be desired to produce a winding having but one set of Crossovers, the pins will in that event be all alike.

It will be understood that the distance between the apexes of the ribs between the grooves is equal to the diameter of the wire to be wound on any particular set of pins, and that a half groove will be equal to onehalfl of `the diameter of' the Wire. In using the pins, supposing a Winding is started in the full groove adjacent one of the end plates, as the mandrel is turned the wire passes to the full groove of the next pin adjacent the end plate and then comes to one of the pins which has a half groove adjacent the end plate; the wire cannot enter the half groove and must take the next full groove which is adjacent to the halt' groove so that the wire is deflected laterally across the face of the mandrel, a distance equal to one-half its diameter. As the revolution ot' the mandrel continues, the wire passes to the first full groove of the fourth pin and then reaches the second full groove of the first pin which will again cause the wire to defiect laterally a distance equal to its diameter to the right of the turn first made and lthis continues until the whole tace ofy the mandrel between the end plates is covered with a layer. If the starter pins terminate with a full groove, then the finishing pins terminate with a half` groove and after the first layer has been completed` the strand will ride up on the half groove ends off the finishing pins adjacent the flange and constitute the first turn ot' the return layer, which is to l'ay upon the top of the first layer. Then during the return of the wire the return layer is guided by the first layer laid on the mandrel.

The pins may be secured in position in any suitable manner, as for instance by a double headed securing device (5G, one head of which is seated in a recess 6T at the end of the pin and the other end of' which is seated in a recess 68 in the end of the filler piece, said last mentioned head being secured in position if desired by a screw (59.

In the form of the mandrel shown in Figs. 13 to 16 respectively, I may employ a different form of means for starting the rst layer so that it constitutes a guide for succeeding layers. Inl'this form I do not use a guide extending entirely across the face of the mandrel but employ a device which makes the first turn take a determined course, so that the subsequent turns, when laid against the same, will take a corresponding course across the face of the mandrel. In this formof invention I employ a guide or projection secured to the mandrel and extending beyond the receiving face thereof, a distance equal to the diameter of the wire and of a thickness equal to one-halfthe diameter of the wire, said device being arranged fiush against one of the end plates. This device may take a number of forms, but I prefer to employ a pin 7D seated in a recess 7l, in the end of Atwo of the adjacent filler blocks, said pin having an enlarged head 72 which abuts the end plate 73, and projects beyond the face of the mandrel between the end plates, said head having a rounded surface as at 74, so that it-practically constitutes, in effect, a half strand of wire laid against the end plate. When the Wire is then wound on the of the second layer will be guided by the turns of the first layer, the inal turn resting in the groove, formed by the head 74, and the next-adjacent turn of the first layer, 75, the head 74 preventing the next to last turn of the second layer from forcing the end turn of the'irst layer away from the second turn of the first layer. ,y

The filler blocks for the mandrel may each be formed with a longitudinal rabbet 76, which when they are assembled coincide to `form grooves longitudinally of the mandrel through which binding strips may be passed between the winding and the mandrel.

Instead of using a rigid metal guidev .(Figs. 17 and 18) a guide may be formed of thick paper or other suitable material and wrapped around the shell of a core or mandrel and formed to guide the wire, the guide being left in place in the coil when the latter is removed. Such guide might take the form of a continuous strip as in Fig. 18, or several short strips, as in Fig'. 17.

In Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4 I have shown the product of the method heretofore described in Fig. 1, the form being that produced on a round mandrel, and in Figs. 2, 3'aiid 4 the form of completed winding shown being that produced on a polysided mandrel. As shown the product' is formed of a plurality of layers, each of which is substantially in coil form, but two of the opposite sides 18112l are of less diameter or thickness than the other opposite sides 185e, this being` due to .the fact that all of the crossings of the layers take place on the sides 185, and the wires lie parallel to each other throughout the sides 184, and substantially at right angles to the axis of the coil. By reference to Fig. 3, which is a section taken throughl the thicker sides, it will beseen thatv the thickness of the thickerside is the product of the diameters of one of the strands by the number of the layers, while'by reference to Fig. 4, which is a section through thethinner sides, it will be seen that while there is the same number of layers, the turns of one layei are located between the turns'of the next layer so that the thickness of the sides 1'84zl will be less than the product of the diameter of the strand bythe number of layers. This ing are reduced to the smallest possible diameter, whichis of great'assistance in the assembling ofthe coils on the pole pieces of an electric machine when the same are close together, as the reduced sides of the windings permit the latter to freely pass one vanother when being placed on the pole pieces. l

The form of the mandrel and the gu-ides therefor shown in Figs. 5,6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12,

17 and 18 are made the .subject matter of my co-pending application Serial No.

670,794, tiled January 12, 1912, lwhile the embodiment shown in Figs. 13, 14, .15 and 16 is made the subject-'matter of my ccpending application Serial No. 718,812, filed September 6, 1912.

What I claim and desire to secure by United States Letters'Patent is 1. A winding or coil in which the turns of the layersI lie substantially at right angles to its axis and parallel to one another on two opposite side portions, the turns of each' of the layers after the innermost on said two l sides being embedded between the turns of the next underlying layer so that the thickness of each of said sides is less than the diameter of the strand multiplied by the number'of layers, while on the opposite side portions of the winding between said firstlayer run oblique to the axis, the oblique turns. of each -layer crossing and being superimposed on the oblique turns of the next underlying layer, whereby the thickness of the coil on the/sides containing the oblique and'superiinposed turns is thickerthan saidfirst-namedside portions.

'2. A winding in which the turns of the layers are offset laterally longitudinally thereof twice in a revolution of a winding,

each offset being to the extent of substantially half the diameter of the wire being vnamed two side portions, the. turns of each and obliquely in the direction in which the turns of the layer "are successively laid, and

positively` holding the oblique portion of the turn in .sa-id position and then again carrying the strand substantially at right angles to the axis of rotation, and repeating the said operations for all the subsequent turns of the layer, and employing the grooves formed between said turns to positively determine the position of the turns of subsequent layers in conformation to `said first layer.

4. The method of winding which consists in winding the strand on a mandrel or form having end ianges, and positively placing and holding, independently ofthe side engagement of adjacent. turns, all the turns in fixed predetermined positions in such manner that on two opposite sides of the axis at each end flange the' end turns of successive layers are alternately, parallel to the flange in contact therewith` and parallel to tlie flange distant therefrom one-half the diameter oiE the strand.

The method of winding which consists in winding the strand cn a mandrel or form having` end flanges, and positively placing and holding, independently ofthe side engagement of adjacent turns. all the turns in fixed predetermined positions in such manner that on two/opposite sides olf the axis at each end flange the end turns ot' successive layers 'are alternately, parallel to the flange in contact there\vitl1,and parallel to the flange distant therefrom one-haltl the dialneter ot' the strand, and so that one part of cach end turn touches the flange andthe part of the saine turn on the opposite side of the axis of the winding will be. distantfrom the flange one-halt' the diameter of the strand.

G. The method of winding in coil form which consists in laying a strand substantially parallel to the direction of rotation of a mandrel throughout one portion ot' the receiving surface of the mandrel for one portion of a turn, offsetting the turn laterally in the direction in which the turns are laid throughout a next adjacent portion of the. receivingsurface of the mandrel, laying the strand substantially parallel to the direction of rotation throughout another portion of the. receiving surface of the manof the case in the Patent ilice'.

drel opposite to said first-named portion, and again offsetting i't laterally through that portion of the mandrel opposite that occupied by the first-named offset.

T. The method of winding in polysided coil form which consists in laying a strand to form a layer on a polysided mandrel having end flanges and during the winding positively holding the portion ot' the initial turn on one tace of the mandrel so that it takes a position against a flange or onehalt the diameter of the strand irom thc flange at the adjacent corners of themandrel, and continuing the winding, and hold- .ing` the remaining turns at the same adjacent corners of the mandrel so that said turns take a predetermined definite position relative to the first turn.

8. The method of winding four-sided windings which consists in winding in coil form on a foursided mandrel, laying a strand substantially parallel tothe direction ot' rotation throughout one side of the mandrel for one portion of a turn, o'setting the turn laterally in the direction in which the turns are laid throughout the next adjacent face ot.' the mandrel, laying the strand parallel to the direction of rotation throughout the face of the mandrel opposite to the firstnamed face. and offsetting in laterally throughout the remaining tace.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto signed my name in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

ARCHIBALD D. SCOTT. `Witnesses M. E. MCNINCH, C. G. HEYLMUN.

It is hereby certied that in Letters Patent No. 1,167,722, granted January 11J 1916, upon the application of Archibald D. Scott, of Jersey City, N ew Jersey, for an improvement in Methods 0f Winding and the Product Thereof, an error appears in the printed specification requiring correction as follows: Page 2, lino l127, for the Word bolt,77 second occnrrenceread blocc; and that the lsaid Letters Patent should be read with this correction therein that the same may conform to the record Signed and sealed this 1st day of February, A. D., 1916.

J. T. NEWTON,

Acting Umnmise'ioner `0 7" Patents. 

